If the water is deep enough, it will not freeze entirely and some fish species will be able to survive by hanging out in the deeper portions of the water.
This process takes some time and results in a relatively even temperature until the water gradually settles into winter stratification where warmer water is located at the hypolimnion and cold water is frozen at the top of the epilimnion. During autumn, the water will “turn over” due to cooling – cold water is more dense, and will sink, forcing the now warmer hypolimnion water to rise. The hypolimnion will contain more dissolved oxygen, and so during warmer months you can expect to find your fish spending more time toward the bottom of your pond where oxygen is more readily available. If you have a very shallow or small pond, the water temperature will tend to decease (or increase) together with the average air temperature throughout the year, which is why smaller ponds can literally freeze solid in colder weather!įor larger ponds or lakes, in summer months the cooler water will stay on the bottom (called the hypolimnion) of the pond with warmer water on top (called the epilimnion). Shallow water bodies don’t undergo a great deal of turnover it’s more common in lakes or large ponds at least a few meters deep, such as big koi ponds. However, in addition to this, deeper water bodies also experience something called thermal stratification and turnover. In the height of winter you can expect your pond to be cooler than in summer the colder the air, the more heat will be lost from the surface water.
Public domain.Īs the seasons change, predictably so does water temperature. Pond Temperature Change – What Causes It? The seasons have the greatest impact on water temperature, with ponds freezing in winter and warming in summer.
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